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High PRF is limited to systems that require close-in performance, like proximity fuses and law enforcement radar. For example, if 30 samples are taken during the quiescent phase between transmit pulses using a 30 kHz PRF, then true range can be determined to a maximum of 150 km using 1 microsecond samples (30 x C / 30,000 km/s).
The received signals from multiple PRF are compared using the range ambiguity resolution process. Each range sample is converted from time domain I/Q samples into frequency domain. Older systems use individual filters for frequency filtering.
At high pH the glass electrode may be affected by "alkaline error", because the electrode becomes sensitive to the concentration of cations such as Na + and K + in the solution. [25] To overcome these problems, specially constructed electrodes are available. Runoff from mines or mine tailings can produce some extremely low pH values, down to ...
The signal processing enhancement of pulse-Doppler allows small high-speed objects to be detected in close proximity to large slow moving reflectors. To achieve this, the transmitter must be coherent and should produce low phase noise during the detection interval, and the receiver must have large instantaneous dynamic range.
The use of acidosis for a low pH creates an ambiguity in its meaning. The difference is important where a patient has factors causing both acidosis and alkalosis, wherein the relative severity of both determines whether the result is a high, low, or normal pH. [citation needed] Alkalemia occurs at a pH over 7.45.
Intracellular pH is typically lower than extracellular pH due to lower concentrations of HCO 3 −. [9] A rise of extracellular (e.g., serum) partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO 2) above 45 mmHg leads to formation of carbonic acid, which causes a decrease of pH i as it dissociates: [10]
Eberflus acknowledged that the Bears did a poor job of blocking, but believes that the Packers made illegal contact with long snapper Scott Daly on the play and wants the NFL to take a second look.
At low pH values, the net charge of most proteins in the mixture is positive – in cation exchangers, these positively-charged proteins bind to the negatively-charged matrix. At high pH values, the net charge of most proteins is negative, where they bind to the positively-charged matrix in anion exchangers.
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