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Contributing structures of the carbonate ion. In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, [1] also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory.
The structure of an organic nitro compound. In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (−NO 2). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing.
Nitromethane, sometimes shortened to simply "nitro", is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 NO 2.It is the simplest organic nitro compound.It is a polar liquid commonly used as a solvent in a variety of industrial applications such as in extractions, as a reaction medium, and as a cleaning solvent.
In chemistry, the mesomeric effect (or resonance effect) is a property of substituents or functional groups in a chemical compound.It is defined as the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two pi bonds or between a pi bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom. [1]
[1] [3] Once NRT has generated a set of density operators, Γ α, for localized resonance structures, α, a least-squares variational functional is employed to quantify the resonance weights of each structure. [1] It does this by measuring the variational error, δ w, of the linear combination of resonance structures to the true density ...
Expressing resonance when drawing Lewis structures may be done either by drawing each of the possible resonance forms and placing double-headed arrows between them or by using dashed lines to represent the partial bonds (although the latter is a good representation of the resonance hybrid which is not, formally speaking, a Lewis structure ...
There are two possible structures for hydrogen cyanide, HCN and CNH, differing only as to the position of the hydrogen atom. The structure with hydrogen attached to nitrogen, CNH, leads to formal charges of -1 on carbon and +1 on nitrogen, which would be partially compensated for by the electronegativity of nitrogen and Pauling calculated the net charges on H, N and C as -0.79, +0.75 and +0.04 ...
Structure Type of electronic effect Directing effect Strong trifluoromethylsulfonyl group [13]-SO 2 CF 3 –I, –M meta (substituted) ammonium groups [14]-NR 3 + (R = alkyl or H) –I nitro group-NO 2 –I, –M sulfonic acids and sulfonyl groups-SO 3 H, -SO 2 R cyano group-C≡N trihalomethyl groups (strongest for -CF 3 group) -CX 3 (X = F ...