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This lexically diverse register of language, which emerged in the northern Indian subcontinent, was commonly called Zaban-e Urdu-e Mualla ('language of the orda - court'). Unlike Persian, which is an Iranian language, Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language, written in the Perso-Arabic script ; Urdu has a Indic vocabulary base derived from Sanskrit and ...
There were Urdu dictionaries before this, but they described Urdu vocables either in Persian or in English (because of the emergence of British Raj). These dictionaries contained mostly common words and idioms and had limited extent. [7] This was the first Urdu-to-Urdu dictionary.
Roman Urdu also holds significance among the Christians of Pakistan and North India. Urdu was the dominant native language among Christians of Karachi and Lahore in present-day Pakistan and Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan in India, during the early part of the 19th and 20th century, and is still used by Christians in these places ...
Persian is a member of the Western Iranian group of the Iranian languages, which make up a branch of the Indo-European languages in their Indo-Iranian subdivision.The Western Iranian languages themselves are divided into two subgroups: Southwestern Iranian languages, of which Persian is the most widely spoken, and Northwestern Iranian languages, of which Kurdish and Balochi are the most widely ...
The dictionary has been arranged and edited according to the following criteria: All the common words, idioms, proverbs, and modern academic, literary, scientific, and technical terms of the Urdu language have been listed. Only those obsolete words and idioms have been included which are found in ancient books.
Thus many words in the list below, though originally from Persian, arrived in English through the intermediary of Ottoman Turkish language. Many Persian words also came into English through Urdu during British colonialism. Persian was the language of the Mughal court before British rule in India even though locals in North India spoke Hindustani.
The number of distinct languages listed in Ethnologue are 312, [9] while those recognised in Glottolog are 320. [10] The Indo-Iranian language with the largest number of native speakers is the Hindustani language (Hindi-Urdu). [11]
An Urdu-Persian dictionary was written by Khan-i Arzu in 1751 in the reign of Ahmad Shah Bahadur. [79] The name Urdu was first introduced by the poet Ghulam Hamadani Mushafi around 1780. [29] [30] As a literary language, Urdu took shape in courtly, elite settings.