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Water is the most abundant substance on Earth's surface and also the third most abundant molecule in the universe, after H 2 and CO. [23] 0.23 ppm of the earth's mass is water and 97.39% of the global water volume of 1.38 × 10 9 km 3 is found in the oceans. [84]
It has one indicator: Indicator 6.6.1 is the "Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time". [15] This indicator monitoring methodology is framed around five sub-indicators: [22] spatial extent of water-related ecosystems (from satellite data) water quality of lakes and artificial water bodies (from satellite data)
The refractive index of liquid water (1.333 at 20 °C (68 °F)) is much higher than that of air (1.0), similar to those of alkanes and ethanol, but lower than those of glycerol (1.473), benzene (1.501), carbon disulfide (1.627), and common types of glass (1.4 to 1.6). The refraction index of ice (1.31) is lower than that of liquid water.
Bṛhat-saṃhitā [a] is a 6th-century Sanskrit-language encyclopedia compiled by Varāhamihira in present-day Ujjain, India.Besides the author's area of expertise—astrology and astronomy—the work contains a wide variety of other topics.His book is divided into 3 sections namely Tantra, Hora and Samhita.
The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell sick or died prematurely. Astronaut Jack Lousma taking a shower in space, 1974
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. [1] [2] It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed.
The International Recommendations for Water Statistics [1] (IRWS) is a statistical intermediate output framework developed by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) and approved by the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC) that was designed for guiding countries in the development of their water information systems to design and evaluate policies for better water management.
Hydrostatics offers physical explanations for many phenomena of everyday life, such as why atmospheric pressure changes with altitude, why wood and oil float on water, and why the surface of still water is always level according to the curvature of the earth.