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These drugs increase the permeability of the blood–brain barrier temporarily by increasing the osmotic pressure in the blood which loosens the tight junctions between the endothelial cells. By loosening the tight junctions normal injection of drugs through an [IV] can take place and be effective to enter the brain. [ 8 ]
Piracetam is thought to increase cell membrane permeability. [24] [25] Piracetam may exert its global effect on brain neurotransmission via modulation of ion channels (i.e., Na +, K +). [20] It has been found to increase oxygen consumption in the brain, apparently in connection to ATP metabolism, and increases the activity of adenylate kinase ...
The brain requires approximately 3.3 ml of oxygen per 100 g of brain tissue per minute. Initially, the body responds to lowered blood oxygen by redirecting blood to the brain and increasing cerebral blood flow. Blood flow may increase up to twice the normal flow but no more.
“Therefore, the slow oscillation in norepinephrine concentration drives a slow fluctuation in the diameter of the arteries and in the blood volume in the brain.” ”This dynamic change in ...
A cerebral vasodilator is a drug which acts as a vasodilator in the brain. [1] [2] They are used to improve blood flow in people with cerebrovascular insufficiency and to treat neurological disorders secondary to this condition. [2] A number of different cerebral vasodilators exist.
Hypoxia can be due to external causes, when the breathing gas is hypoxic, or internal causes, such as reduced effectiveness of gas transfer in the lungs, reduced capacity of the blood to carry oxygen, compromised general or local perfusion, or inability of the affected tissues to extract oxygen from, or metabolically process, an adequate supply ...