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In 1995 the USDA released a report stating that the net energy balance of corn ethanol in the United States was an average of 1.24. It was previously considered to have a negative net energy balance. However, due to increases in corn crop yield and more efficient farming practices corn ethanol had gained energy efficiency. [3]
The energy input might be rendered in several different types depending on the type of propulsion, and normally such energy is presented in liquid fuels, electrical energy or food energy. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] The energy efficiency is also occasionally known as energy intensity . [ 11 ]
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the volume of fluid filtered from the renal (kidney) glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per unit time. [4] Central to the physiologic maintenance of GFR is the differential basal tone of the afferent (input) and efferent (output) arterioles (see diagram).
energy/mole of fuel; energy/mass of fuel; energy/volume of the fuel; There are two kinds of enthalpy of combustion, called high(er) and low(er) heat(ing) value, depending on how much the products are allowed to cool and whether compounds like H 2 O are allowed to condense. The high heat values are conventionally measured with a bomb calorimeter ...
According to an impact assessment carried out for the European Commission, the levels of energy efficiency of coal-fired plants built have now increased to 46-49% efficiency rates, as compared to coals plants built before the 1990s (32-40%). [12] However, at the same time gas can reach 58-59% efficiency levels with the best available technology ...
For fossil fuels the free enthalpy of reaction is usually only slightly less than the enthalpy of reaction so from equations and we can see that the energy efficiency will be correspondingly larger than the energy law efficiency. For example, a typical combined cycle power plant burning methane may have an energy efficiency of 55%, while its ...
Currently the efficiency for hydrogen production by water electrolysis of electricity amounts to 75 to 85% [19] with potential up to 93% until 2030. [25] Efficiency for methanol synthesis of hydrogen and carbon dioxide currently is 79 to 80%. [19] Thus the efficiency for production of methanol from electricity and carbon dioxide is about 59 to 78%.
Specific energy is energy per unit mass, which is used to describe the chemical energy content of a fuel, expressed in SI units as joule per kilogram (J/kg) or equivalent units. [1] Energy density is the amount of chemical energy per unit volume of the fuel, expressed in SI units as joule per litre (J/L) or equivalent units. [2]