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Clonazepam, sold under the brand name Klonopin among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used to prevent and treat anxiety disorders, seizures, bipolar mania, agitation associated with psychosis, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and akathisia. [11] It is a long-acting [12] tranquilizer of the benzodiazepine class. [11]
The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III. The complete list of Schedule IV substances is as follows.
The first ODT form of a drug to get approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was a Zydis ODT formation of Claritin in December 1996. [19] It was followed by a Zydis ODT formulation of Klonopin ( clonazepam ) in December 1997, [ 20 ] and a Zydis ODT formulation of Maxalt ( rizatriptan ) in June 1998. [ 21 ]
Keppra (levetiracetam) – an anticonvulsant drug which is sometimes used as a mood stabilizer and has potential benefits for other psychiatric and neurologic conditions such as Tourette syndrome, anxiety disorder, and Alzheimer's disease; Klonopin – anti-anxiety and anti-epileptic medication of the benzodiazepine class
Repeated administration of a medication is also different from single dosing, as many drugs have active metabolites that can build up in the body. [6] Patient variables such as sex, age, and organ function may also influence the effect of the drug on the system. These variables are rarely included in equianalgesic charts. [7] [3] [8]
Cloniprazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative and a prodrug of clonazepam, 7-aminoclonazepam, and other metabolites. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Some of the minor metabolites include 3-hydroxyclonazepam and 6-hydroxyclonazepam , 3-hydroxycloniprazepam and ketocloniprazepam with ketone group formed where 3-hydroxy group was.
Disposal of expired stock must be witnessed by a designated inspector (either a local drug-enforcement police officer or official from health authority). [226] [227] Benzodiazepine use ranges from occasional binges on large doses, to chronic and compulsive drug use of high doses. [228] Benzodiazepines are commonly used recreationally by poly ...
While initially U.S. Food and Drug Administration reviewers expressed concerns about approving the nonbenzodiazepine Z drugs due to concerns of cancer, ultimately they changed their minds and approved the drugs. [65] A 2017 meta-analysis of multiple observational studies found that benzodiazepine use is associated with increased cancer risk. [66]