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Qin Shi Huang, founder of the Qin dynasty, created the title of Huangdi, which is translated as "emperor" in English.. The nobility of China represented the upper strata of aristocracy in premodern China, acting as the ruling class until c. 1000 CE, and remaining a significant feature of the traditional social structure until the end of the imperial period.
"Beizi" ("beise") is the plural form of "beile", but since 1636, "beile" and "beizi" were used to refer to two different ranks of nobility. The four ranks above were granted solely to direct male-line descendants of the Emperor. These titles below were granted to cadet lines of the imperial clan. Feng'en zhenguo gong (ᡴᡝᠰᡳ ᠪᡝ
The upper ranks were 1 − the highest — to 3, the middle were 4 to 6, and the lower were 7 to 9. Each rank had two classes − standard and secondary − for 18 steps. From the Northern Wei to before the Northern Song, classes from ranks 4 to 9 were further divided into upper and lower grades for 30 steps. [9]
There was a Chinese nobility, beginning with the Zhou dynasty. However, after the Song dynasty , the powerful government offices were not hereditary. Instead, they were selected through the imperial examination system , of written examinations based on Confucian thought, thereby undermining the power of the hereditary aristocracy.
During imperial China (221 BCE – CE 1911), a wide variety of noble titles were granted. Some of these were hereditary; an overlapping subset were honorary. At the beginning of imperial China, the administration of territory was growing out of the older fengjian system, and the central government asserting more control over the old aristocracy.
The Three Departments and Six Ministries (Chinese: 三省六部; pinyin: Sān Shěng Liù Bù) system was the primary administrative structure in imperial China from the Sui dynasty (581–618) to the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368).
The Military ranks of Imperial China were the military insignia used by the Military of the Qing dynasty, until the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor. Army ranks [ edit ]
The following list represents all recipients of the Qing dynasty non-imperial noble titles decreasingly. The list also includes pre-standard titles existing prior to the formalisation of rank system and pre-standard titles granted solely to meritous officials which were similar to the titles normally granted to imperial clansmen.