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The gastrocolic reflex or gastrocolic response is a physiological reflex that controls the motility, or peristalsis, of the gastrointestinal tract following a meal. It involves an increase in motility of the colon consisting primarily of giant migrating contractions, in response to stretch in the stomach following ingestion and byproducts of digestion entering the small intestine. [1]
Long reflexes to the digestive system involve a sensory neuron sending information to the brain, which integrates the signal and then sends messages to the digestive system. While in some situations, the sensory information comes from the GI tract itself; in others, information is received from sources other than the GI tract.
Instead, general contractions called mass action contractions occur one to three times per day in the large intestine, propelling the chyme (now feces) toward the rectum. Mass movements often tend to be triggered by meals, as the presence of chyme in the stomach and duodenum prompts them (gastrocolic reflex).
The gastroileal reflex is one of the three extrinsic reflexes of the gastrointestinal tract, the other two being the gastrocolic reflex and the enterogastric reflex. The gastroileal reflex is stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach and gastric peristalsis.
The enterogastric reflex is one of the three extrinsic reflexes of the gastrointestinal tract, the other two being the gastroileal reflex and the gastrocolic reflex. [1] The enterogastric reflex is stimulated by duodenal distension. [2] It can also be stimulated by a pH of 3-4 in the duodenum and by a pH of 1.5 in the stomach.
Ernst Moro (8 December 1874 in Laibach, Duchy of Carniola, Austria-Hungary, today Ljubljana, Slovenia – 1951) was an Austrian physician and pediatrician who was the first in western medicine to describe the infant reflex that was named after him (Moro reflex).
Primitive reflexes are reflex actions originating in the central nervous system that are exhibited by normal infants, but not neurologically intact adults, in response to particular stimuli. These reflexes are suppressed by the development of the frontal lobes as a child transitions normally into child development . [ 1 ]
Asymmetry of the Moro reflex is especially useful to note, as it is almost always a feature of root, plexus, or nerve disease. [4] The Moro reflex is impaired or absent in infants with kernicterus. [5] An exaggerated Moro reflex can be seen in infants with severe brain damage that occurred in-utero, including microcephaly and hydranencephaly. [6]