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Mount Tambora experienced several centuries of dormancy before 1815, caused by the gradual cooling of hydrous magma in its closed magma chamber. [7] Inside the chamber at depths between 1.5 and 4.5 km (5,000 and 15,000 ft), the exsolution of a high-pressure fluid magma formed during cooling and crystallisation of the magma.
Mount Tambora, or Tomboro, is an active stratovolcano in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Located on Sumbawa in the Lesser Sunda Islands, it was formed by the active subduction zones beneath it. Before the 1815 eruption, its elevation reached more than 4,300 metres (14,100 feet) high, making it one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago.
The huge caldera—6 kilometers in diameter and 1,100 meters deep—formed when Tambora’s estimated 4,000-meter-high peak was removed, and the magma chamber below emptied during the 1815 eruption. Today the crater floor is occupied by an ephemeral freshwater lake, recent sedimentary deposits, and minor lava flows and domes emplaced during the ...
Mount Tambora, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia: 1815, Apr 10: 7: 160–213 km 3 (38–51 cu mi) of tephra: an estimated 10–120 million tons of sulfur dioxide were emitted, produced the "Year Without a Summer" [23] 1808 ice core event: Unknown eruption near equator, magnitude roughly half Tambora
The main cause of the Year Without a Summer is generally held to be a volcanic winter created by the April 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The eruption had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) ranking of 7, and ejected at least 37 km 3 (8.9 cu mi) of dense-rock equivalent material into the atmosphere. [ 10 ]
These stories, aided by photos or other artifacts, are so powerful partly because they are very real to us. #6 Lovely Remake Of Family Image credits: Vestiges of History
The only unambiguous VEI-7 eruption to have been directly observed in recorded history was Mount Tambora in 1815 and caused the Year Without a Summer in 1816. The Minoan eruption of Thera in the middle of the second millennium BC may have been VEI-7, but may have been just shy of the 100 cubic kilometers required.
Mount Tambora: 7 Indonesia: 1815 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora, Year Without a Summer: 36,000+ Krakatoa: 6 Indonesia: 1883 1883 eruption of Krakatoa: 30,000 Mount Pelée: 4 Martinique: 1902 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée: 23,000 Nevado del Ruiz: 3 Colombia: 1985 Armero tragedy: 20,000~ (estimated) Santorini: 6 Greece: c. 1600 BC Minoan eruption ...