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  2. Feudalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism

    Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.

  3. Examples of feudalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Examples_of_feudalism

    In contrast to Western Europe where feudalism created a strong central power, it took a strong central power to develop feudalism in Russia. A lack of true central power weakened and doomed the Russians to outside domination. The Russians developed its system of land/lord/worker, loosely called feudalism, after it had created a strong central ...

  4. Feudalism in the Holy Roman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism_in_the_Holy...

    Feudalism in Europe emerged in the Early Middle Ages, based on Roman clientship and the Germanic social hierarchy of lords and retainers. It obliged the feudatory to render personal services to the lord. These included e.g. holding his stirrup, joining him on festive occasions and service as a cupbearer at the banquet table.

  5. Feudal duties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudal_duties

    Feudal duties were the set of reciprocal financial, military and legal obligations among the warrior nobility in a feudal system. [1] These duties developed in both Europe and Japan with the decentralisation of empire and due to lack of monetary liquidity, as groups of warriors took over the social, political, judicial, and economic spheres of the territory they controlled. [2]

  6. Feudalism in England - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism_in_England

    Feudalism took root in England following William of Normandy's conquest in 1066. Over a century earlier, before the full unification of England, the seven smaller kingdoms that made up the Heptarchy had maintained an unstable relationship of raids, ransoms, and truces with Viking groups from Denmark and Normandy between the seventh and tenth ...

  7. Category:Feudalism in Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Feudalism_in_Europe

    Feudalism in the Ottoman Empire (3 P) G. German feudalism (2 C, 26 P) R. ... Pages in category "Feudalism in Europe" The following 20 pages are in this category, out ...

  8. Crusader states - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusader_states

    Europe was rural and underdeveloped, offering little more than raw materials and slaves in return for spices, cloth, and other luxuries from the Middle East. [15] [16] Climate change during the Medieval Warm Period affected the Middle East and western Europe differently. In the east, it caused droughts, while in the west, it improved conditions ...

  9. Great Stirrup Controversy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Stirrup_Controversy

    The Great Stirrup Controversy is the academic debate about the Stirrup Thesis, the theory that feudalism in Europe developed largely as a result of the introduction of the stirrup to cavalry [1] [2] in the 8th century AD. It relates to the hypothesis suggested by Lynn Townsend White Jr. in his 1962 book, Medieval Technology and Social Change. [3]