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The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [3] The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas and through the air.
Most victims died within four to seven days after infection. The septicaemic plague is a form of "blood poisoning", and pneumonic plague is an airborne plague that attacks the lungs before the rest of the body. The bubonic plague was the most commonly seen form during the Black Death.
There are two main forms of plague infection: bubonic, which is caused by a flea bite or blood contact with another infected animal or material and is characterized by swollen lymph nodes or ...
The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease hit somewhere once every five or six years from 1350 to 1490. [39] Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, [40] reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. [41]
Plague, one of the deadliest bacterial infections in human history, caused an estimated 50 million deaths in Europe during the Middle Ages when it was known as the Black Death.
Pneumonic plague is a severe lung infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. [3] Symptoms include fever, headache, shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing. [1] They typically start about three to seven days after exposure. [2] It is one of three forms of plague, the other two being septicemic plague and bubonic plague. [3]
The Black Death first originated in Kyrgyzstan, in central Asia, in the late 1330s, spreading rapidly to devastate the Middle East and Europe.
Plague of 698–701 (part of first plague pandemic) 698–701 Byzantine Empire, West Asia, Syria, Mesopotamia: Bubonic plague: Unknown [47] 735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic: 735–737 Japan Smallpox: 2 million (approx. 1 ⁄ 3 of Japanese population) [15] [48] Plague of 746–747 (part of first plague pandemic) 746–747 Byzantine Empire ...