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Palmoplantar keratodermas are a heterogeneous group of skin disorders characterized by abnormal thickening (scleroderma) of the stratum corneum of the palms and soles. Autosomal recessive, dominant, X-linked, and acquired forms have all been described in medical literature. [1]: 505 [2]: 211 [3]
Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS), also known as palmoplantar keratoderma with periodontitis, [1] [2] is an autosomal recessive [3] genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in cathepsin C. [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa or Acrokeratoelastoidosis is a hereditary form of marginal keratoderma, and can be defined as a palmoplantar keratoderma. It is distinguished by tiny, firm pearly or warty papules on the sides of the hands and, occasionally, the feet.
Quality of life can possibly can be decreased, therefore getting treatment is recommended. [6] Too much dry skin can be painful for some and cause discomfort. [ 8 ] There is limited data on the life expectancy of an affected person, but this disease alone does not reduce a person's lifespan.
Corneodermatosseous syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition with onset in infancy, characterized by corneal dystrophy, photophobia, diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma, distal onycholysis, skeletal abnormalities, with brachydactyly, short stature, and medullary narrowing of digits. [2]
Haim–Munk syndrome (also known as "palmoplantar keratoderma with periodontitis and arachnodactyly, acro-osteolysis and Cochin Jewish syndrome" [1]) is a skin disease caused, like Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome, by a mutation in the cathepsin C gene. [1] One of its features is thick curved finger and toenails. [2]
There is currently no cure for pachyonychia congenita. Treatment focuses on symptom relief for any plantar pain, hyperkeratoses, cysts, leukokeratosis, hyperhidrosis, or secondary infections. [12] Palmoplantar keratoderma can be treated with consistent grooming, including trimming back the callus, applying emollients, and draining blisters.
Naxos disease [1] (also known as "diffuse non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and cardiomyopathy" [1] or "diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy", first described on the island of Naxos by Dr. Nikos Protonotarios [1]) is a cutaneous condition characterized by a palmoplantar keratoderma. [1]