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Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) occurs when a human fetus is infected with the rubella virus (German measles) via maternal-fetal transmission and develops birth defects. [1] The most common congenital defects affect the ophthalmologic, cardiac, auditory, and neurologic systems.
In the case of congenital rubella infection, there is no known cure. Therefore, the focus of treatment is disease prevention. The MMR vaccine is highly efficacious in preventing congenital rubella and is given routinely as a part of the pediatric vaccine schedule. [10] For neonates with congenital CMV infection, antiviral medication is given.
There is no specific treatment for rubella; however, management is a matter of responding to symptoms to diminish discomfort. Treatment of newborn babies is focused on management of the complications. Congenital heart defects and cataracts can be corrected by direct surgery. [13] [34]
Maternal infection with rubella virus during pregnancy can lead to congenital rubella syndrome. The risk of congenital infection is highest during the first trimester (< 12 weeks). Risk of congenital rubella is increased among immigrant women from countries without adequate vaccination programs. Common symptoms include cataracts, hearing ...
Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) is a neurological disorder which may occur in a child with congenital rubella. [1] It is a slow viral infection of the brain characterized by chronic encephalitis, usually manifesting between 8–19 years of age. It is believed to be due to a persistence or reactivation of rubella virus infection.
The genome encodes several non-coding RNA structures; among them is the rubella virus 3' cis-acting element, which contains multiple stem-loops, one of which has been found to be essential for viral replication. [12] The only significant region of homology between rubella and the alphaviruses is located at the NH2 terminus of non structural ...
A heart attack requires immediate treatment to improve blood flow to your heart, relieve your symptoms, and prevent another heart attack. Some treatment options include: Some treatment options ...
TORCH syndrome is a cluster of symptoms caused by congenital infection with toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and other organisms including syphilis, parvovirus, and Varicella zoster. [1] Zika virus is considered the most recent member of TORCH infections. [2]