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Ovulation induction is the stimulation of ovulation by medication. It is usually used in the sense of stimulation of the development of ovarian follicles [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] to reverse anovulation or oligoovulation .
When used in conjunction with in vitro fertilization (IVF), controlled ovarian hyperstimulation confers a need to avoid spontaneous ovulation, since oocyte retrieval of the mature egg from the fallopian tube or uterus is much harder than from the ovarian follicle. The main regimens to achieve ovulation suppression are:
Ovulatory disorders result in infrequent ovulation (Oligoovulation) or absent ovulation (anovulation) which causes infertility. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has classified anovulation into three main classes, which are hypogonadotropic hypogonadal anovulation (Class 1), normogonadotropic normoestrogenic anovulation (Class 2), and hypergonadotropic hypoestrogenic anovulation (Class 3).
It is the most widely used fertility drug. [6] Other medications in this class include tamoxifen and raloxifene, although both are not as effective as clomiphene and are thus less widely used for fertility purposes. [7] They are used in ovulation induction by inhibiting the negative feedback of estrogen at the hypothalamus. As the negative ...
Ovulation induction is usually used in the sense of stimulation of the development of ovarian follicles [5] [6] [7] by fertility medication to reverse anovulation or oligoovulation. These medications are given by injection for 8 to 14 days.
For those who after weight loss still are anovulatory or for anovulatory lean women, ovulation induction to reverse the anovulation is the principal treatment used to help infertility in PCOS. Letrozole and Clomiphene citrate are the first-line treatment in subfertile anovulatory patients with PCOS. [ 12 ]
Therefore, induction of final maturation is also called triggering oocyte release from the ovary, and the administration of pharmaceutical drugs to induce final maturation is colloquially called giving a "trigger shot", even if the plan is to perform artificial oocyte retrieval before ovulation. [2] Administration of a drug to trigger oocyte ...
Clomifene has been used almost exclusively for ovulation induction in premenopausal women, and has been studied very limitedly in postmenopausal women. [64] Clomifene was studied for treatment and prevention of breast cancer, but issues with toxicity led to abandonment of this indication, as did the discovery of tamoxifen. [65]
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