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In other words, it is the number of integers k in the range 1 ≤ k ≤ n for which the greatest common divisor gcd(n, k) is equal to 1. [2] [3] The integers k of this form are sometimes referred to as totatives of n. For example, the totatives of n = 9 are the six numbers 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8.
The Publisher Item Identifier (PII) is a unique identifier used by a number of scientific journal publishers to identify documents. [1] It uses the pre-existing ISSN or ISBN of the publication in question, and adds a character for source publication type, an item number, and a check digit.
[8] In 2003, Borking, Blarkom and Olk reviewed the technologies from a data protection perspective in their Handbook of privacy enhancing technologies. [1] In 2007, Fritsch published an historic, taxonomic and practical overview of contemporary privacy-enhancing technology for the Internet for the research project PETWeb. [9]
Names; All geographical identifiers smaller than a state, except for the initial three digits of a zip code if, according to the current publicly available data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census: the geographic unit formed by combining all zip codes with the same three initial digits contains more than 20,000 people; the initial three digits of a zip code for all such geographic units ...
In that case, they may try to achieve Internet anonymity to ensure privacy — use of the Internet without giving any third parties the ability to link Internet activities to personally-identifiable information of the Internet user. In order to keep their information private, people need to be careful with what they submit and look at online.
Personal data, also known as personal information or personally identifiable information (PII), [1] [2] [3] is any information related to an identifiable person. The abbreviation PII is widely used in the United States , but the phrase it abbreviates has four common variants based on personal or personally , and identifiable or identifying .
In statistics, the phi coefficient (or mean square contingency coefficient and denoted by φ or r φ) is a measure of association for two binary variables.. In machine learning, it is known as the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) and used as a measure of the quality of binary (two-class) classifications, introduced by biochemist Brian W. Matthews in 1975.
In each case, cannot be , because otherwise it would follow from claim 1 that each + () would be , which would contradict claim 2. Now, take a natural number c {\displaystyle c} such that all three numbers b c / k , {\displaystyle bc/k,} c k / x 2 , {\displaystyle ck/x^{2},} and c / x 2 {\displaystyle c/x^{2}} are integers and consider the sequence