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A negative-index metamaterial causes light to refract, or bend, differently than in more common positive-index materials such as glass lenses. Negative-index metamaterial or negative-index material (NIM) is a metamaterial whose refractive index for an electromagnetic wave has a negative value over some frequency range. [1]
The primary research in metamaterials investigates materials with negative refractive index. Although the first metamaterials were electromagnetic, photonic, acoustic and seismic metamaterials are also areas of active research.
Importantly, this modulation does not impact the magnetic response characteristics of the metamaterial. These elements could be combined with the previously developed nonlinear magnetic metamaterials in order to create negative index media with a control over both electric and magnetic nonlinearities. [22]
Negative-index metamaterial array configuration, which was constructed of copper split-ring resonators and wires mounted on interlocking sheets of fiberglass circuit board. The total array consists of 3×20×20 unit cells with overall dimensions of 10 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm (0.39 in × 3.94 in × 3.94 in).
The earliest research in metamaterial antennas was an analytical study of a miniature dipole antenna surrounded with a metamaterial. This material is known variously as a negative index metamaterial (NIM) or double negative metamaterial (DNG) among other names.
John Pendry was born in Manchester, where his father was an oil representative, and took a degree in Natural Sciences at the Downing College, Cambridge after which he was appointed as a research fellow, between 1969 and 1975.
The liquid crystal material appears to be used as both a substrate and a jacket for a negative index metamaterial. The metamaterial can be tuned from negative index values, to zero index, to positive index values. In addition, negative index values can be increased or decreased by this method. [8] [9]
In negative index materials energy is transported in a direction opposite to that of propagating wavefronts, rather than paralleling them, as is the case in positive index materials. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Normally, light traveling from, say, air into water bends upon passing through the normal (a plane perpendicular to the surface) and entering the water.