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enhance the value/costs ratio of a green design to create a bigger market; lower the eco-costs of current successful products to make it fit for future markets; abandon products with a low value/ costs ratio (not much profit, small market) and high eco-costs; For many 'green designs', the usual problem is that they have a low current value ...
The basic conceptualization of nature from the perspective of environmental economics is that manufactured capital can be used as a substitute for natural capital. [13] The definition of PES provided by environmental economics is the most popular: a voluntary transaction between a service buyer and service seller that takes place on the condition that either a specific ecosystem service is ...
[100] [120] In 2014, Yelp released an app for business owners to respond to reviews and manage their profiles from a mobile device. [121] Business owners can also flag a review to be removed, if the review violates Yelp's content guidelines. [122] Yelp's revenues primarily come from selling ads and sponsored listings to small businesses.
The seed bank is one of the key factors for the persistence and density fluctuations of plant populations, especially for annual plants. [4] Perennial plants have vegetative propagules to facilitate forming new plants, migration into new ground, or reestablishment after being top-killed, which are analogous to seed bank in their persistence ability under disturbance.
The eco-costs of global warming (also called eco-costs of carbon footprint) can be used as an indicator for the carbon footprint. The eco-costs of resource scarcity can be regarded as an indicator for 'circularity' in the theory of the circular economy. However, it is advised to include human toxicity and eco-toxicity, and include the eco-costs ...
Ecology deals with the energy and matter transactions of life and the Earth, and the human economy is by definition contained within this system. Ecological economists argue that neoclassical economics has ignored the environment, at best considering it to be a subset of the human economy.
Replacement cost: Services could be replaced with human-made systems (e.g. restoration of the Catskill Watershed cost less than the construction of a water purification plant) Factor income: Services provide for the enhancement of incomes (e.g. improved water quality increases the commercial take of a fishery and improves the income of fishers)
The Society for Ecological Restoration defines restoration as "the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed." [1] Restoration ecology is the academic study of the science of restoration, whereas ecological restoration is the implementation by practitioners. [21]