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In the emergency department the typical approach to chest pain involves ruling out the most dangerous causes: heart attack, pulmonary embolism, thoracic aortic dissection, esophageal rupture, tension pneumothorax, and cardiac tamponade. By elimination or confirmation of the most serious causes, a diagnosis of the origin of the pain may be made.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (). [6] Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath, chest pain particularly upon breathing in, and coughing up blood. [1]
Sharp chest pain [1] Causes: Viral infection, bacterial infection, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism [2] Diagnostic method: Chest X-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG), blood tests [3] Differential diagnosis: Pericarditis, heart attack, cholecystitis [3] Treatment: Based on the underlying cause [3] Medication: Paracetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen [4]
Lung infarction or pulmonary infarction occurs when an artery to the lung becomes blocked and part of the lung dies. [1] It is most often caused by a pulmonary embolism . Because of the dual blood supply to the lungs from both the bronchial circulation and the pulmonary circulation , this tissue is more resistant to infarction .
Thus, a lung exam is important. Other findings may include decreased chest mobility and air underneath the skin (subcutaneous emphysema). [12] Pulmonary embolism similarly presents with shortness of breath and hypoxia. Chest pain worse with inspiration is frequently seen. Chest pain can also be similar to a heart attack.
A myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack, arises from complete occlusion of a coronary artery. [9] The most frequent cause of MI is the rupturing of an atherosclerotic plaque formed in CAD. Plaque rupture exposes the subendothelial matrix beneath the plaque, initiating thrombus formation within the vasculature. [ 7 ]
Tony was on the verge of a catastrophic heart attack, and the shoulder pain was “referred pain” as the heart was screaming for help. Thankfully, despite 100% blockage in a key artery, Tony ...
Symptoms include chest pain or angina, shortness of breath, and fatigue. [6]A completely blocked coronary artery will cause a heart attack. [6] Common heart attack symptoms include chest pain or angina, pain or discomfort that spreads to the shoulder, arm, back, neck jaw, teeth or the upper belly, cold sweats, fatigue, heartburn, nausea, shortness of breath, or lightheadedness.