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  2. Cauda equina syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauda_equina_syndrome

    Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves below the end of the spinal cord known as the cauda equina is damaged. [2] Signs and symptoms include low back pain, pain that radiates down the leg, numbness around the anus, and loss of bowel or bladder control. [1]

  3. Caudal regression syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudal_regression_syndrome

    Caudal regression syndrome, or sacral agenesis (or hypoplasia of the sacrum), is a rare birth defect. It is a congenital disorder in which the fetal development of the lower spine—the caudal partition of the spine—is abnormal. [1] It occurs at a rate of approximately one per 60,000 live births. [2]

  4. Caudal vertebrae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudal_vertebrae

    The caudal vertebrae often articulate with haemal arches ventrally. [1] The number of caudal vertebrae in animals can vary greatly. Anguid lizards have been reported to have as many as 111 caudal vertebrae, [1] whereas as few as seven are present in the tail of the early therapsid Tapinocaninus. [2] In lepidosaurs and captorhinids, the caudal ...

  5. Cauda equina - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauda_equina

    The cauda equina (from Latin tail of horse) is a bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve rootlets, consisting of the second through fifth lumbar nerve pairs, the first through fifth sacral nerve pairs, and the coccygeal nerve, all of which arise from the lumbar enlargement and the conus medullaris of the spinal cord.

  6. Spinal disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_disease

    There are many recognized spinal diseases, some more common than others. Spinal disease also includes cervical spine diseases, which are diseases in the vertebrae of the neck. A lot of flexibility exists within the cervical spine and because of that, it is common for an individual to damage that area, especially over a long period of time.

  7. Caudal duplication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudal_duplication

    In cases of spine duplication, prophylactic surgery can be done to remove one duplicated spine, although it depends on the severity of duplication. [21] In cases of malformation of the neural cord such as myelomeningocele and tethered cord which accompanies severe symptoms, preserving neurological function is the utmost importance by closing ...

  8. Myelomalacia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelomalacia

    Myelomalacia is a pathological term referring to the softening of the spinal cord. [1] Possible causes of myelomalacia include cervical myelopathy, hemorrhagic infarction, or acute injury, such as that caused by intervertebral disc extrusion.

  9. Haemal arch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemal_arch

    A haemal arch, also known as a chevron, is a bony arch on the ventral side of a tail vertebra of a vertebrate. The canal formed by the space between the arch and the vertebral body is the haemal canal. A spinous ventral process emerging from the haemal arch is referred to as the haemal spine. Blood vessels to and from the tail run through the arch.