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In addition to being one of the first cities, Uruk was the main force of urbanization and state formation during the Uruk period, or 'Uruk expansion' (4000–3200 BC). This period of 800 years saw a shift from small, agricultural villages to a larger urban center with a full-time bureaucracy, military, and stratified society.
The first updated survey in 2013 has produced a new aerial map derived by the flight of a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) operated in March 2014. This is the first high-resolution map, derived from more than 100 aerial photograms, with an accuracy of 20 cm or less. A preview of the ortho-photomap of Archaeological Site of Ur is available online. [91]
English: Map of the Middle East during the last centuries of the 4th millennium BC: ... Uruk expansion and colonial outposts, c. 3600-3200 BC.
The 'Uruk expansion': sites representing the 'centre' and 'periphery'. Tell Sheikh Hassan settlement can be seen on this map to the upper left. After the discovery in Syria of the sites at Habuba Kabira (see above) and Jebel Aruda in the 1970s, they were identified as colonies or trading posts of the Uruk civilisation settled far from their own ...
The Uruk arrival is radiocarbon dated to the period from 3700 BC to 3400 BC, in the Middle Uruk period. [16] The site was subsequently used as a burial area in the Early Bronze I period (one small structure was found) and Achaemenid periods with occupation resuming in the Hellenistic and, to a lesser extent, Roman periods before finally being ...
The Babylonian Map of the World (also Imago Mundi or Mappa mundi) is a Babylonian clay tablet with a schematic world map and two inscriptions written in the Akkadian language. Dated to no earlier than the 9th century BC (with a late 8th or 7th century BC date being more likely), it includes a brief and partially lost textual description.
Uruk expansion and colonial outposts The first excavator of Grai Resh in 1939 dated the beginning of occupation to the Ubaid period (Levels VI-IX) followed by the Uruk period including Early, Middle, and Late (Levels III-V), Jemdat Nasr period (Level II), and Early Dynastic I period (Level I) early in the 3rd millennium BC before the site was ...
The earliest levels (22–17 in the excavations conducted by Le Brun, 1978) exhibit pottery that has no equivalent in Mesopotamia, but for the succeeding period, the excavated material allows identification with the culture of Sumer of the Uruk period.