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The language is spoken by approximately 6 million people in the Balkans, primarily in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro and Greece. [1] However, due to old communities in Italy and the large Albanian diaspora, the worldwide total of speakers is much higher than in Southern Europe and numbers approximately 7.5 million.
The Article 14 of the Albanian Constitution states that "The official language in the Republic of Albania is Albanian." [2] According to the 2011 population census, 2,765,610, 98.767% of the population declared Albanian as their mother tongue ("mother tongue is defined as the first or main language spoken at home during childhood").
A formal system (also called a logical calculus, or a logical system) consists of a formal language together with a deductive apparatus (also called a deductive system). The deductive apparatus may consist of a set of transformation rules , which may be interpreted as valid rules of inference, or a set of axioms , or have both.
English is the de facto national language of Australia, while Australia has no de jure official language, [19] English is the first language of the majority of the population, and has been entrenched as the de facto national language since European settlement, being the only language spoken in the home for 72% of Australians. [20]
S. S-attributed grammar; SCIgen; Semantics encoding; Semi-Thue system; Sesquipower; Set constraint; Shamir congruence; Shortest common supersequence; Signed-digit ...
Old English is essentially a distinct language from Modern English and is virtually impossible for 21st-century unstudied English-speakers to understand. Its grammar was similar to that of modern German: nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs had many more inflectional endings and forms , and word order was much freer than in Modern English.
The change of literary language has had significant political and cultural consequences because the Albanian language is the main criterion for Albanian self identity. [7] The standardization has been criticized, notably by the writer Arshi Pipa , who claimed that the move had deprived Albanian of its richness at the expense of the Ghegs. [ 8 ]
Nova Scotia ("first language"; with English (de facto), French, Scottish Gaelic) Moksha: Mordovia (state language; with Erzya and Russian) [80] Mongolian: part of the People's Republic of China. Inner Mongolia, with Chinese (Mandarin) Haixi, with Tibetan and Chinese (Mandarin) Bortala, with Chinese (Mandarin) Bayin'gholin, with Chinese (Mandarin)