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Natural ventilation in buildings can rely mostly on wind pressure differences in windy conditions, but buoyancy effects can a) augment this type of ventilation and b) ensure air flow rates during still days. Buoyancy-driven ventilation can be implemented in ways that air inflow in the building does not rely solely on wind direction.
There are three types of natural ventilation occurring in buildings: wind-driven ventilation, pressure-driven flows, and stack ventilation. [15] The pressures generated by 'the stack effect' rely upon the buoyancy of heated or rising air. Wind-driven ventilation relies upon the force of the prevailing wind to pull and push air through the ...
Flow visualization of wind speed contours around a house Wind engineering covers the aerodynamic effects of buildings Damaged wind turbines due to hurricane Maria. Wind engineering is a subset of mechanical engineering, structural engineering, meteorology, and applied physics that analyzes the effects of wind in the natural and the built environment and studies the possible damage ...
That pressure difference ( ΔP) is the driving force for the stack effect and it can be calculated with the equations presented below. [10] [11] The equations apply only to buildings where air is both inside and outside the buildings. For buildings with one or two floors, h is the height of the building.
Cross-breezes work when two windows are opposite of each other. Cross ventilation is a natural phenomenon where wind, fresh air or a breeze enters upon an opening, such as a window, and flows directly through the space and exits through an opening on the opposite side of the building (where the air pressure is lower).
The windtower essentially creates a pressure gradient to draw air through the building. [18] Windtowers topped with horizontal airfoils have been built to enhance these pressure gradients. [ 2 ] The shape of the traditional shuksheika roof also creates suction as wind blows over it. [ 14 ] :
Natural ventilation strategies also include cross ventilation, which relies on wind pressure differences on opposite sides of a building. By strategically placing openings, such as windows or vents, on opposing walls, air is channeled through the space to enhance cooling and ventilation.
The interior air pressure required for air-supported structures is not as much as most people expect and certainly not discernible when inside. The amount of pressure required is a function of the weight of the material - and the building systems suspended on it (lighting, ventilation, etc.) - and wind pressure.