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Fold change. Fold change is a measure describing how much a quantity changes between an original and a subsequent measurement. It is defined as the ratio between the two quantities; for quantities A and B the fold change of B with respect to A is B / A. In other words, a change from 30 to 60 is defined as a fold-change of 2.
Glossary of mathematical symbols. A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various ...
projection. A projection is, roughly, a map from some space or object to another that omits some information on the object or space. For example, R 2 → R , ( x , y ) ↦ x {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^ {2}\to \mathbb {R} , (x,y)\mapsto x} is a projection and its restriction to a graph of a function, say, is also a projection.
Micro (Greek letter μ, mu, non- italic) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 −6 (one millionth). [1] Confirmed in 1960, the prefix comes from the Greek μικρός (mikrós), meaning "small". It is the only SI prefix which uses a character not from the Latin alphabet. In Unicode, the symbol is represented by U+03BC ...
A foe is a unit of energy equal to 10 44 joules (≈9.478 × 10 40 BTU) that was coined by physicist Gerry Brown of Stony Brook University. To measure the staggeringly immense amount of energy produced by a supernova , specialists occasionally use the "foe", an acronym derived from the phrase [ten to the power of] f ifty- o ne e rgs, or 10 51 ...
Other countries also use a word similar to trillion to mean 10 12, etc. Whilst a few of these countries like English use a word similar to billion to mean 10 9, most like Arabic have kept a traditionally long scale word similar to milliard for 10 9. Some examples of short scale use, and the words used for 10 9 and 10 12, are
Numeral systems. The duodecimal system, also known as base twelve or dozenal, is a positional numeral system using twelve as its base. In duodecimal, the number twelve is denoted "10", meaning 1 twelve and 0 units; in the decimal system, this number is instead written as "12" meaning 1 ten and 2 units, and the string "10" means ten.
When expressing a power ratio, it is defined as ten times the logarithm with base 10. [5] That is, a change in power by a factor of 10 corresponds to a 10 dB change in level. When expressing root-power quantities, a change in amplitude by a factor of 10 corresponds to a 20 dB change in level. The decibel scales differ by a factor of two, so ...