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Thymus hyperplasia refers to an enlargement ("hyperplasia") of the thymus. [1] It is not always a disease state. The size of the thymus usually peaks during adolescence and atrophies in the following decades. Before the immune function of the thymus was well understood, the enlargement was sometimes seen as a cause for alarm, and justification ...
The thymus (pl.: thymuses or thymi) is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. Within the thymus, thymus cell lymphocytes or T cells mature. T cells are critical to the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts to specific foreign invaders. The thymus is located in the upper front part of the chest, in the anterior ...
Thymic involution is the shrinking of the thymus with age, resulting in changes in the architecture of the thymus and a decrease in tissue mass. [1] Thymus involution is one of the major characteristics of vertebrate immunology, and occurs in almost all vertebrates, from birds, teleosts, amphibians to reptiles, though the thymi of a few species of sharks are known not to involute.
Thymoma. surgical removal, chemotherapy (in malignant cases). A thymoma is a tumor originating from the epithelial cells of the thymus that is considered a rare neoplasm. [1] Thymomas are frequently associated with neuromuscular disorders such as myasthenia gravis; [2] thymoma is found in 20% of patients with myasthenia gravis. [3]
The thymus gland cells form part of the body's immune system. In those with myasthenia gravis, the thymus gland is large and abnormal. It sometimes contains clusters of immune cells that indicate lymphoid hyperplasia, and the thymus gland may give wrong instructions to immune cells.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare hereditary endocrine cancer syndrome characterized primarily by tumors of the parathyroid glands (95% of cases), endocrine gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tract (30–80% of cases), and anterior pituitary (15–90% of cases). [19] Other endocrine and non-endocrine neoplasms including ...
Thyroid nodules are nodules (raised areas of tissue or fluid) which commonly arise within an otherwise normal thyroid gland. [1] They may be hyperplastic or tumorous, but only a small percentage of thyroid tumors are malignant. Small, asymptomatic nodules are common, and often go unnoticed. [2] Nodules that grow larger or produce symptoms may ...
Involution is the shrinking or return of an organ to a former size. At a cellular level, involution is characterized by the process of proteolysis of the basement membrane (basal lamina), leading to epithelial regression and apoptosis, with accompanying stromal fibrosis. The consequent reduction in cell number and reorganization of stromal ...