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Varenicline, sold under the brand names Chantix and Champix among others, is a medication used for smoking cessation [5][7] and for the treatment of dry eye disease. [6][8] It is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist. [5][6] When activated, this receptor releases dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, the brain's reward center, thereby ...
Opioid use disorder. Long-acting injectable naltrexone (under the brand name Vivitrol) is an opioid antagonist, blocking the effects of heroin and other opioids, and decreases heroin use compared to a placebo. [28] Unlike methadone and buprenorphine, it is not a controlled medication. [28]
Bupropion was originally called by the generic name amfebutamone, before being renamed in 2000. [ 16 ] In 2022, it was the 21st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 25 million prescriptions. [ 38 ][ 39 ] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Certainty ratings ranged from “high certainty” to “very low certainty”. Evidence revealed that common medicines varenicline, cytisine, and nicotine e-cigarettes were the most effective ...
Chantix is a prescription drug that can help people quit smoking tobacco. Medicare’s prescription drug plans include coverage for certain smoking cessation drugs, including Chantix.
Ganglionic blocker. A ganglionic blocker (or ganglioplegic) is a type of medication that inhibits transmission between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system, often by acting as a nicotinic receptor antagonist. [1] Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are found on skeletal muscle, but also within the route of ...
Cytisine. Cytisine, also known as baptitoxine, cytisinicline, or sophorine, is an alkaloid that occurs naturally in several plant genera, such as Laburnum and Cytisus of the family Fabaceae. It has been used medically to help with smoking cessation. [1] However, it has been found effective in several randomized clinical trials, including some ...
Nicotinic agonist. A nicotinic agonist is a drug that mimics the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The nAChR is named for its affinity for nicotine. Examples include nicotine (by definition), acetylcholine (the endogenous agonist of nAChRs), choline, epibatidine, lobeline, varenicline and cytisine. [1]