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Ventilation refers to the in-and-out movement of air of the lungs and perfusion is the circulation of blood in the pulmonary capillaries. [1] In mammals, physiological respiration involves respiratory cycles of inhaled and exhaled breaths. Inhalation (breathing in) is usually an active movement that brings air into the lungs where the process ...
Author. Joseph Priestley. Publication date. 1774. Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air (1774–86) is a six-volume work published by 18th-century British polymath Joseph Priestley which reports a series of his experiments on "airs" or gases, most notably his discovery of the oxygen gas (which he called "dephlogisticated air").
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are hydroperoxide (O 2 H), superoxide (O 2-), [ 1 ] hydroxyl radical (OH.), and singlet oxygen. [ 2 ] ROS are pervasive because they are readily produced from O 2, which is ...
Calorimeter. The world's first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782–83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat involved in various chemical changes; calculations which were based on Joseph Black 's prior discovery of latent heat. These experiments mark the foundation of thermochemistry.
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth's crust, and after hydrogen and helium, it ...
Respirometer. A respirometer is a device used to measure the rate of respiration [1] of a living organism by measuring its rate of exchange of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide. [2] They allow investigation into how factors such as age, or chemicals affect the rate of respiration. [3] Respirometers are designed to measure respiration either on the ...
Jan Ingenhousz FRS (8 December 1730 – 7 September 1799) was a Dutch-British [1] physiologist, biologist and chemist.. He is best known for discovering photosynthesis by showing that light is essential to the process by which green plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
History of experiments. The history of experimental research is long and varied. Indeed, the definition of an experiment itself has changed in responses to changing norms and practices within particular fields of study. This article documents the history and development of experimental research from its origins in Galileo's study of gravity ...