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An equivalent (symbol: officially equiv; [1] unofficially but often Eq[2]) is the amount of a substance that reacts with (or is equivalent to) an arbitrary amount (typically one mole) of another substance in a given chemical reaction. It is an archaic quantity that was used in chemistry and the biological sciences (see Equivalent weight § In ...
The equivalent weight of an element is the mass which combines with or displaces 1.008 gram of hydrogen or 8.0 grams of oxygen or 35.5 grams of chlorine. The equivalent weight of an element is the mass of a mole of the element divided by the element's usual valence. That is, in grams, the atomic weight of the element divided by the usual ...
The peroxide value is defined as the amount of peroxide oxygen per 1 kilogram of fat or oil. Traditionally this was expressed in units of milliequivalents, although in SI units the appropriate option would be in millimoles per kilogram (N.B. 1 milliequivalents = 0.5 millimole; because 1 mEq of O2 =1 mmol/2=0.5 mmol of O2, where 2 is valence).
In physiology, base excess and base deficit refer to an excess or deficit, respectively, in the amount of base present in the blood. The value is usually reported as a concentration in units of mEq/L (mmol/L), with positive numbers indicating an excess of base and negative a deficit. A typical reference range for base excess is −2 to +2 mEq/L ...
The anion gap is a calculated measure. It is computed with a formula that uses the results of several individual lab tests, each of which measures the concentration of a specific anion or cation. The concentrations are expressed in units of milliequivalents / liter (mEq/L) or in millimoles/litre (mmol/L).
130–131 mEq of sodium ion = 130 mmol L −1; 109–111 mEq of chloride ion = 109 mmol L −1; 28–29 mEq of lactate ion = 28 mmol L −1; 4–5 mEq of potassium ion = 4 mmol L −1; 2–3 mEq of calcium ion = 1.5 mmol L −1; Ringer's lactate has an osmolarity of 273 mOsm L −1 [14] and a pH of 6.5. [10]
Alkalinity roughly refers to the molar amount of bases in a solution that can be converted to uncharged species by a strong acid. For example, 1 mole of HCO3 in solution represents 1 molar equivalent, while 1 mole of CO3 is 2 molar equivalents because twice as many H + ions would be necessary to balance the charge.
Acid–base and blood gases are among the few blood constituents that exhibit substantial difference between arterial and venous values. [6] Still, pH, bicarbonate and base excess show a high level of inter-method reliability between arterial and venous tests, so arterial and venous values are roughly equivalent for these.