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The concentration of atmospheric methane is increasing due to methane emissions, and is causing climate change. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Methane is one of the most potent greenhouse gases . [ 5 ] : 82 Methane's radiative forcing (RF) of climate is direct, [ 6 ] : 2 and it is the second largest contributor to human-caused climate forcing in the historical ...
= milligrams of pollutant per cubic meter of air at sea level atmospheric pressure and T: ppmv = air pollutant concentration, in parts per million by volume T = ambient temperature in K = 273. + °C 0.082057338 = Universal gas constant in L atm mol −1 K −1: M = molecular mass (or molecular weight) of the air pollutant
In thermodynamics, an activity coefficient is a factor used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour. [1] In an ideal mixture, the microscopic interactions between each pair of chemical species are the same (or macroscopically equivalent, the enthalpy change of solution and volume variation in mixing is zero) and, as a result, properties of the mixtures ...
Intravenously, the LD 50 of potassium chloride is far smaller, at about 57.2 mg/kg to 66.7 mg/kg; this is found by dividing the lethal concentration of positive potassium ions (about 30 to 35 mg/kg) [37] by the proportion by mass of potassium ions in potassium chloride (about 0.52445 mg K + /mg KCl).
US counties that are designated "nonattainment" for the Clean Air Act's NAAQS, as of September 30, 2017. The U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS, pronounced / ˈ n æ k s / naks) are limits on atmospheric concentration of six pollutants that cause smog, acid rain, and other health hazards. [1]
Common gases that produce negative air ions include single-component gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, or multi-component gases obtained by mixing these single-component gases. Various negative air ions are formed by combining active neutral molecules and electrons in the gas through a series of ion-molecule reactions ...
Methane has a limited atmospheric lifetime, about 10 years, due to substantial methane sinks. The primary methane sink is atmospheric oxidation, from hydroxyl radicals (~90% of the total sink) and chlorine radicals (0-5% of the total sink). The rest is consumed by methanotrophs and other methane-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soils (~5%). [7]
Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science that studies the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets. This multidisciplinary approach of research draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology, climatology and other disciplines to understand both natural and human-induced changes in atmospheric ...