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Despite its illustrious history, as of 2009 Timbuktu was an impoverished town, poor even by Third World standards. [ 75 ] [ 76 ] The population grew an average 5.7% per year from 29,732 in 1998 to 54,453 in 2009. [ 77 ]
A movie about the Timbuktu Manuscript Project, The Ancient Astronomers of Timbuktu, was released in 2009 with funding from the Ford Foundation and Oppenheimer Memorial Trust. [ 39 ] The French/German cultural TV channel ARTE produced a feature-length film about Timbuktu's manuscript heritage in 2009 entitled " Tombouctou: les manuscrits sauvés ...
Hence, Timbuktu would mean "place covered by small dunes". [7] Abd al-Sadi offers a third explanation in his 17th-century Tarikh al-Sudan: "The Tuareg made it a depot for their belongings and provisions, and it grew into a crossroads for travelers coming and going. Looking after their belongings was a slave woman of theirs called Timbuktu ...
The history of the Empire is mainly known from the Royal Chronicle or Girgam discovered in 1851 by the German traveller Heinrich Barth. [6] Kanem rose in the 8th century in the region to the north and east of Lake Chad. The Kanem empire went into decline, shrank, and in the 14th century was defeated by Bilala invaders from the Lake Fitri region ...
A biographical note was translated by M.A. Cherbonneau in 1855, [10] and became one of the principal texts for study of the legal history of the Western Sudan. [11] Ahmad Baba's surviving works remain the best sources for the study of al-Maghili and the generation that succeeded him. [ 12 ]
The Middle East's ties to the city of Rome were gradually severed as the Empire split into East and West, with the Middle East tied to the new Roman capital of Constantinople. The subsequent Fall of the Western Roman Empire therefore, had minimal direct impact on the region.
Al Qaeda-linked fighters of Ansar Dine also used pick-axes, shovels and hammers to shatter earthen tombs and centuries-old shrines reflecting Timbuktu's Sufi version of Islam in what is known as ...
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