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The outer edges of the diagram, the envelope, show the possible conditions that the aircraft can reach in straight and level flight. For instance, the aircraft described by the black altitude envelope on the right can fly at altitudes up to about 52,000 feet (16,000 m), at which point the thinner air means it can no longer climb.
China Airlines Flight 006 damaged by going outside its flight envelope to gain control after a drop of 3,000 m in 20 seconds. Flight envelope protection is a human machine interface extension of an aircraft's control system that prevents the pilot of an aircraft from making control commands that would force the aircraft to exceed its structural and aerodynamic operating limits.
The aircraft Mach number at which these effects appear is known as its critical Mach number, or M CRIT. The true airspeed corresponding to the critical Mach number generally decreases with altitude. The flight envelope is a plot of various curves representing the limits of the aircraft's true airspeed and altitude. Generally, the top-left ...
The Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) is a flight control law [35] built into the Boeing 737 MAX's flight control computer, designed to help the aircraft emulate the handling characteristics of the earlier Boeing 737 Next Generation. According to an international Civil Aviation Authorities team review (JATR) commissioned by ...
The absolute ceiling and service ceiling diagram of an aircraft. With respect to aircraft performance, a ceiling is the maximum density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditions, as determined by its flight envelope.
An aircraft flight manual (AFM) is a paper book or electronic information set containing information required to operate an aircraft of certain type or particular aircraft of that type (each AFM is tailored for a specific aircraft, though aircraft of the same type naturally have very similar AFMs). The information within an AFM is also referred ...
In aerophilately, a branch of philately, a first flight cover, also known by the acronym FFC, is mail that has been carried on an inaugural flight of an airline, route, or aircraft, [1] normally postmarked with the date of the flight [2] often of the arrival destination proving it was actually carried on the aircraft [3] and may have a special ...
Tactical control format providing target bearing, range, altitude, and aspect, relative to a friendly aircraft or bullseye. Bracket Indicates geometry where friendly aircraft will maneuver to a position on opposing sides, either laterally or vertically from the target. Break (direction)