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Importantly, swords were also adorned with inscriptions, which often indicated the maker's mark or religious invocations. The transition from maker's marks to religious phrases on sword blades suggests a shift in attitudes reflecting the increasing sacralization of the medieval warrior class.
[40] [41] A sword named Claíomh Solais, which is an Irish term meaning "sword of light", or "shining sword", appears in a number of orally transmitted Irish folk-tales. The Sword in the Stone has an analogue in some versions of the story of Sigurd , whose father, Sigmund , draws the sword Gram out of the tree Barnstokkr where it is embedded by ...
The common "knightly swords" of the high medieval period (11th to early 12th centuries) fall under types X to XII. Type X is the Norman sword as it developed out of the early medieval Viking sword by the 11th century. Type XI shows the development towards a more tapering point seen during the 12th century.
The term claymore is an anglicisation of the Gaelic claidheamh-mòr "big/great sword", attested in 1772 (as Cly-more) with the gloss "great two-handed sword". [3] The sense "basket-hilted sword" is contemporaneous, attested in 1773 as "the broad-sword now used ... called the Claymore, (i.e., the great sword)", [4] although OED observes that this usage is "inexact, but very common".
A Hand and a half sword, colloquially known as a "bastard sword", was a sword with an extended grip and sometimes pommel so that it could be used with either one or two hands. Although these swords may not provide a full two-hand grip, they allowed its wielders to hold a shield or parrying dagger in their off hand, or to use it as a two-handed ...
The original Sword of State of South Carolina (early 18th century) was used from 1704 to 1941, when it was stolen. [62] [63] A replacement Sword of State of South Carolina (1800) was used between 1941 and 1951. It was a cavalry sword from the Charleston Museum and was used in the War of 1812 and the American Civil War. [62]
The sword (or saif) is an important symbol in Arab cultures, and is used as a metaphor in many phrases in the Arabic language. The word occurs also in various symbolic and status titles in Arabic (and adopted in other languages) used in Islamic states, notably: In the Yemenite independent imamate: Saif al-Haqq, meaning "Sword of Truth".
Szczerbiec is a 98 cm-long (39 in) ceremonial sword bearing rich Gothic ornamentation, dated to the mid-13th century. [8] [9] It is classified as a type XII sword with a type I pommel and a type 6 crossguard according to the Oakeshott typology, [6] although the blade may have changed its shape due to centuries of corrosion and intensive cleaning before every coronation.