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2. Actual malice - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actual_malice

   The Supreme Court adopted the actual malice standard in its landmark 1964 ruling in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, [2] in which the Warren Court held that: . The constitutional guarantees require, we think, a Federal rule that prohibits a public official from recovering damages for a defamatory falsehood relating to his official conduct unless he proves that the statement was made with ...

3. Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertz_v._Robert_Welch,_Inc.

   However, the Court also ruled that if the state standard is lower than actual malice, the standard applying to public figures, then only actual damages may be awarded. [ 1 ] The consequence is that strict liability for defamation is unconstitutional in the United States; the plaintiff must be able to show that the defendant acted negligently or ...

4. Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Connaughton - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harte-Hanks_Communications...

   Harte-Hanks Communications Inc. v. Connaughton, 491 U.S. 657 (1989), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States supplied an additional journalistic behavior that constitutes actual malice as first discussed in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964). [1]

5. Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co. - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkovich_v._Lorain...

   However, the trial court granted a directed verdict in favor of the newspaper since it found Diadiun's column to be a statement of opinion, which cannot be libelous, and that there was no actual malice, per Sullivan. Milkovich appealed to the Ohio Eleventh District Court of Appeals, which found that there was

6. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times_Co._v._Sullivan

   Wynn argued that the Associated Press had used actual malice in their reporting. The Nevada courts dismissed Wynn's suit, arguing he had failed to show "actual malice" under the Sullivan decision. Wynn subsequently has petitioned the Supreme Court to hear his case in February 2025, asking them to overturn the "actual malice" standard of ...

7. Westmoreland v. CBS - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmoreland_v._CBS

   Westmoreland's counsel, Dan M. Burt, [11] [12] had been hoping for a simple verdict from the jury, finding for Westmoreland or CBS; that way, if Westmoreland lost, he could claim that the jury concluded that the documentary was false, but under the strict legal standard had been unable to find that CBS had acted with "actual malice." [13] When ...