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Traditionally, breastfeeding has been defined as the consumption of breastmilk by any means, be it directly at the breast, or feeding expressed breast milk. [3] When direct feeding at the breast is not possible, expressed breast milk retains many unique nutritional and immunological qualities, and as such remains the gold standard for feeding infants. [4]
Breast milk contains a lot of fat, too, but it also contains lipase, a substance to help break down the fat to aid in digestion; this leads to infants passing softer stools, so constipation is rare in breastfed infants. [2] Human milk also allows beneficial bacteria to grow in the infant's intestines, which protects the mucosal barrier of its ...
Labels must conform with WHO/FAO guidelines on safe preparation, storage and handling of powdered infant formula (WHA resolution 61.20 [2008]). [8] In line with the recommendation for exclusive breastfeeding in WHA resolution 54.2 [2001], [9] all complementary foods must be labeled as suitable for use by infants from six months and not earlier.
A baby being breastfed Video summary of article with script. Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the process where breast milk is fed to a child. [1] [2] Infants may suck the milk directly from the breast, or milk may be extracted with a pump and then fed to the infant.
Although biochemical markers indicate that Secretory Activation begins about 30–40 hours after birth, mothers do not typically begin feeling increased breast fullness (the sensation of milk "coming in the breast") until 50–73 hours (2–3 days) after birth. Colostrum is the first milk a breastfed baby
Two-year-old breastfeeding. In Western countries extended breastfeeding usually means breastfeeding after the age of 12 to 24 months, depending on the culture. Breast milk is known to contain lactoferrin, which protects the infant from infection caused by a wide range of pathogens. The amount of lactoferrin in breast milk increases ...
Unlike later feces, meconium is composed of materials ingested during the time the infant spends in the uterus: intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo, mucus, amniotic fluid, bile, and water. Meconium, unlike later feces, is viscous and sticky like tar – its color usually being a very dark olive green and it is almost odorless. [ 1 ]
Infants are altricial and are fully dependent on their mothers or an adult caretaker for an extended period of time. [10] Breastfeeding is the recommended method of feeding by all major infant health organizations. [11] If breastfeeding is not possible or desired, bottle feeding is done with expressed breast-milk or with infant formula.