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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal disease that affects premature or very low birth weight infants. [4] [1] Symptoms may include poor feeding, bloating, decreased activity, blood in the stool, vomiting of bile, multi-organ failure, and potentially death. [1] [2] The exact cause is unclear. [1] However, several risk factors have ...
[1] [2] As a radiological sign it is highly suggestive for necrotizing enterocolitis. This is in contrast to gas in the intestinal lumen (which is relieved by flatulence). In newborns, pneumatosis intestinalis is considered diagnostic for necrotizing enterocolitis, and the gas is produced by bacteria in the bowel wall. [3]
An immature gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), medical conditions (or co-morbidities), risk of aspirating milk, and necrotizing enterocolitis may lead to difficulties in meeting this high nutritional demand and many preterm infants have nutritional deficits that may result in growth restrictions. [149]
Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the digestive tract, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon. [1] It may be caused by various infections , with bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or other causes.
Other causes of illness include intestinal pseudoobstruction, and necrotizing enterocolitis. [5]: 850–862, 895–903 Diseases of the intestine may cause vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation, and altered stool, such as with blood in stool.
Related diseases of the gastrointestinal system (including gastritis, gastroenteritis, colitis, and enterocolitis) involve inflammation of the stomach and large intestine. Duodenitis, jejunitis, and ileitis are subtypes of enteritis which are localised to a specific part of the small intestine.
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