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Care and Handling of CDs and DVDs — A Guide for Librarians and Archivists (PDF) (Report). National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2008; Romeyn, Jacob. "50th-anniversary -of-the-optical-disc". Archived from the original on 2015-02-08
Cladding in optical fibers is one or more layers of materials of lower refractive index in intimate contact with a core material of higher refractive index.. The cladding causes light to be confined to the core of the fiber by total internal reflection at the boundary between the core and cladding. [1]
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. [1]
A photophone receiver and headset, one half of Bell and Tainter's optical telecommunication system of 1880. Optical communications, in various forms, have been used for thousands of years.
In the Book of Optics, al-Haytham hypothesized the existence of primary and secondary light, with primary light being the stronger or more intense of the two.The book describes how the essential form of light comes from self-luminous bodies and that accidental light comes from objects that obtain and emit light from those self-luminous bodies.