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Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. [2] One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), [3] an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. [1] In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. [1] Decreased eating and a fever may also be present. [1]
Other symptoms in adults include pain and drainage from ear or problems with hearing. [8] Symptoms in children can include excessive crying, touching at ears, drainage, and fever. [8] Treatment can range from increasing fluids and over-the-counter medicine to manage symptoms to antibiotics prescribed by medical providers. [9]
Eustachian tube dysfunction can be caused by a number of factors. Some common causes include the flu, allergies, a cold, and sinus infections. [6] In patients with chronic ear disease such as cholesteatoma and chronic discharge, studies showed that they have obstructive pathology at the ear side of the Eustachian tube.
In this condition vertigo can last for days. [2] More severe causes should also be considered, [9] especially if other problems such as weakness, headache, double vision, or numbness occur. [2] Dizziness affects approximately 20–40% of people at some point in time, while about 7.5–10% have vertigo. [3] About 5% have vertigo in a given year ...
Tympanic membrane retraction describes a condition in which a part of the eardrum lies deeper within the ear than its normal position.. The eardrum comprises two parts: the pars tensa, which is the main part of the eardrum, and the pars flaccida, which is a smaller part of the eardrum located above the pars tensa.
A common cause of primary otalgia is ear infection called otitis media, meaning an infection behind the eardrum. [3] The peak age for children to get acute otitis media is ages 6–24 months. One review paper wrote that 83% of children had at least one episode of acute otitis media by 3 years of age. [10]
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - This is the most common cause of vertigo in adults, but it is rarer in children. Unlike BPVC, BPPV is provoked by changes in the head position. [4] Otitis media and Vestibular neuritis - Unlike BPVC, these conditions are both associated with ear pain or fullness, and the vertigo is not episodic. [3]
There are numerous indications for tympanostomy in the pediatric age group, [1] [10] the most frequent including chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) which is unresponsive to antibiotics, and recurrent otitis media. Adult indications [1] [11] [12] differ somewhat and include Eustachian tube dysfunction with recurrent signs and symptoms ...