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Today there are differences in religious practice and jurisprudence, traditions, and customs between Shia and Sunni Muslims. Although all Muslim groups consider the Quran to be divine, Sunni and Shia have different opinions on hadith. In recent years, the relations between the Shia and the Sunnis have been increasingly marked by conflict. [2]
Salafism and Sufism are two major scholarly movements which have been influential in Sunni Muslim societies. [1] The debates between Salafi and Sufi schools of thought have dominated the Sunni world since the classical era, splitting their influence across religious communities and cultures, with each school competing for scholarly authority via official and unofficial religious institutions.
[97] [98] However, this belief puts Sufism in "direct conflict" with Shia Islam, since both the Qutb (who for most Sufi orders is the head of the order) and the Imam fulfill the role of "the purveyor of spiritual guidance and of Allah's grace to mankind". The vow of obedience to the Shaykh or Qutb which is taken by Sufis is considered ...
On the other hand, Al-Assad "declared the Alawites to be nothing but Twelver Shiites". [122] In a paper, "Islamic Education in Syria", Landis wrote that "no mention" is made in Syrian textbooks (controlled by the Al-Assad regime) of Alawites, Druze, Ismailis or Shia Islam; Islam was presented as a monolithic religion. [123]
Sunni Islam [a] (/ ˈ s uː n i /; Arabic: أهل السنة, romanized: Ahl as-Sunnah, lit. 'The People of the Sunnah') is the largest denomination of Islam, followed by 87–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.
Shia perform prayers on especial occasions like fear, joy, thanksgiving and at the pilgrimages and at the end of Ramadan. [148] [149] There are minor differences between Sunnis and Twelvers in how the prayer ritual is performed.
Zaydism (Arabic: الزَّيْدِيَّة, romanized: az-Zaydiyya) is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali's unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. [1] Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shi'ism, with the other two being Twelverism and Ismailism. [2]
(This differs from the Shia belief that ideally and eventually they will be ruled by the Mahdi, who will be descended from Prophet Muhammad's Household (Ahl al-Bayt)—Muhammad having been a member of the Quraysh tribe.) [14] [15] Rather, the two primary qualifications of an Ibadi imam are that he is the most pious man of the community and the ...