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The relation between local and global truncation errors is slightly different from in the simpler setting of one-step methods. For linear multistep methods, an additional concept called zero-stability is needed to explain the relation between local and global truncation errors.
Example A: Find the truncation in calculating the first derivative of () = at = using a step size of = Solution: The first derivative of () = is ′ =, and at = ...
called the local Artin symbol, the local reciprocity map or the norm residue symbol. [4] [5] Let L⁄K be a Galois extension of global fields and C L stand for the idèle class group of L. The maps θ v for different places v of K can be assembled into a single global symbol map by multiplying the local
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In the IEEE standard the base is binary, i.e. =, and normalization is used.The IEEE standard stores the sign, exponent, and significand in separate fields of a floating point word, each of which has a fixed width (number of bits).
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For example, consider the ordinary differential equation ′ = + The Euler method for solving this equation uses the finite difference quotient (+) ′ to approximate the differential equation by first substituting it for u'(x) then applying a little algebra (multiplying both sides by h, and then adding u(x) to both sides) to get (+) + (() +).