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  2. Circular economy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_economy

    A comprehensive definition could be: "Circular economy is an economic system that targets zero waste and pollution throughout materials lifecycles, from environment extraction to industrial transformation, and final consumers, applying to all involved ecosystems.

  3. Circular flow of income - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_flow_of_income

    The other equation of disequilibrium, if S + T + M < I + G + X in the five sector model the levels of income, expenditure and output will greatly rise causing a boom in economic activity. As the households income increases there will be a higher opportunity to save therefore saving in the financial sector will increase, taxation for the higher ...

  4. Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Nurkse's_balanced...

    Hence, underdeveloped economies should aim to raise their productivity levels in all sectors of the economy, in particular agriculture and industry. [3] The process of how increased productivity leads to economic development and growth. For example, in most underdeveloped economies, the technology used to carry out agricultural activities is ...

  5. Agricultural economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_economics

    Agricultural economics is an applied field of economics concerned with the application of economic theory in optimizing the production and distribution of food and fiber products. Agricultural economics began as a branch of economics that specifically dealt with land usage. It focused on maximizing the crop yield while maintaining a good soil ...

  6. Circles of Sustainability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circles_of_Sustainability

    Circles of Sustainability is a method for understanding and assessing sustainability, and for project management directed towards socially sustainable outcomes. [1] It is intended to handle 'seemingly intractable problems' [ 2 ] such as outlined in sustainable development debates.

  7. Pork cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork_cycle

    In economics, the term pork cycle, hog cycle, or cattle cycle [1] describes the phenomenon of cyclical fluctuations of supply and prices in livestock markets. It was first observed in 1925 in pig markets in the US by Mordecai Ezekiel and in Europe in 1927 by the German scholar Arthur Hanau [ de ] .

  8. Three-sector model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-sector_model

    Three sectors according to Fourastié Clark's sector model This figure illustrates the percentages of a country's economy made up by different sector. The figure illustrates that countries with higher levels of socio-economic development tend to have less of their economy made up of primary and secondary sectors and more emphasis in tertiary sectors.

  9. Economic model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_model

    An economic model is a theoretical construct representing economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them. The economic model is a simplified, often mathematical , framework designed to illustrate complex processes.