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Epoxy resins Epoxy putty; Polyvinyls Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) Includes white glue (e.g. Elmer's Glue) and yellow carpenter's glue (Aliphatic resin) (Brands include Titebond and Lepage) Polyvinyl alcohol; Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polyvinyl chloride emulsion (PVCE) – a water-miscible emulsion that polymerizes as it cures
The blue-coloured epoxy on the left is still undergoing curing. Epoxy adhesives are a major part of the class of adhesives called "structural adhesives" or "engineering adhesives" (that includes polyurethane, acrylic, cyanoacrylate, and other chemistries.) These high-performance adhesives are used in the construction of aircraft, automobiles ...
Chemical structure of ethyl cyanoacrylate, the precursor to many commercial adhesives. The most common monomer is ethyl cyanoacrylate.Several related esters are known. To facilitate easy handling, a cyanoacrylate monomer is frequently formulated with an ingredient such as fumed silica to make it more viscous or gel-like.
Fill materials are used to fill in missing parts or breaks in a ceramic piece in order to stabilize the piece. A wide range of materials and techniques have been used to restore losses in ceramics. Today the most common filling materials are made from calcium-sulphate-based fillers or synthetic resins such as epoxy, acrylic, or polyester resin.
When combined with water and heated, the starch gelatinizes and forms a sticky paste as it dries. Plant-based glues were common for books and paper products, though they can break down more easily over time compared to animal-based glues. [1] [2] [3] Examples of modern wood glues include polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and epoxy resins.
Oil, polyurethane, and epoxy varnishes remain liquid even after evaporation of the solvent but quickly begin to cure, undergoing successive stages from liquid or syrupy, to tacky or sticky, to dry gummy, to dry to the touch, to hard. Environmental factors such as heat and humidity play a large role in the drying and curing times of varnishes.
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After evaporation of the solvent, a solid compound is formed. Chemical bonds are also important in certain adhesive / substrate combinations, for example when bonding glass using silicone adhesives, wood using polyurethane adhesives and aluminium using epoxy adhesives. Chemical bonding leads to significantly higher adhesion than physical bonding.