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Chapter 125 [3] of the Book of the Dead lists names and provenances (either geographical or atmospheric) of the Assessors of Maat. A declaration of innocence corresponds to each deity: it is pronounced by the dead himself, to avoid being damned for specific "sins" that each of the 42 Judges is in charge of punishing.
The earliest surviving records indicating that Maat is the norm for nature and society, in this world and the next, were recorded during the Old Kingdom of Egypt, the earliest substantial surviving examples being found in the Pyramid Texts of Unas (c. 2375 BCE and 2345 BCE).
1798 AD – Napoleon's invasion of Egypt encourages European interests in ancient Egypt; 1799, Vivant Denon was handed a copy of the Book of the Dead 1805 AD – Jean-Marcel Cadet makes the first publication, on 18 plates, of a Book of the Dead , Copie figurée d'un rouleau de papyrus trouvé à Thèbes, dans un tombeau des rois [ 73 ]
Aati, also called Ati, meaning "a leper", was an Egyptian god and one of the 42 judges of the dead. [1] [2] Aati comes from Heliopolis. The god will question the sins of a soul traveling through the underworld. The soul of the dead was supposed to deny the accusation by responding with the line: "O Aati who comes from Heliopolis, I have not ...
Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs were centered around a variety of complex rituals that were influenced by many aspects of Egyptian culture. Religion was a major contributor, since it was an important social practice that bound all Egyptians together.
Ammit (/ ˈ æ m ɪ t /; Ancient Egyptian: ꜥm-mwt, "Devourer of the Dead"; also rendered Ammut or Ahemait) was an ancient Egyptian goddess [2] [clarification needed] with the forequarters of a lion, the hindquarters of a hippopotamus, and the head of a crocodile—the three largest "man-eating" animals known to ancient Egyptians.
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A section of the Egyptian Book of the Dead showing the "Weighing of the Heart" in the Duat. In Ancient Egypt, it was believed that upon death, one's fate in the afterlife was determined by the weighing of one's heart. One's heart was kept within the body during mummification so that it can travel with the deceased into the afterlife.