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3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model. [1] [2] [3] It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified under computer control, [4] with the material being added together (such as plastics, liquids or powder grains being fused), typically layer by layer.
A desktop FFF printer made by Stratasys. Fused deposition modeling was developed by S. Scott Crump, co-founder of Stratasys, in 1988. [6] [7] With the 2009 expiration of the patent on this technology, [8] people could use this type of printing without paying Stratasys for the right to do so, opening up commercial, DIY, and open-source 3D printer applications.
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model used for 3D printing. The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting. 3D scanning is a process of collecting digital data on the shape and appearance of a real object, creating a digital model based on it.
Stereolithography uses a high intensity light projector, usually using DLP technology, with a photosensitive polymer resin. It will project the profile of an object to build a single layer, curing the resin into a solid shape. Then the printer will move the object out of the way by a small amount and project the profile of the next layer.
Polylactic acid (polylactide) is a compostable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable resources, such as corn starch (in the United States), sugar beet pulp (in Europe), tapioca roots, chips or starch (mostly in Asia), or sugarcane. It is the most common material used for 3D printing with fused deposition modeling (FDM ...
3D printing filament in different colours with models created using the filament. 3D printing filament is the thermoplastic feedstock for fused deposition modeling 3D printers . There are many types of filament available with different properties.
An example of how 3D printing can be included in the design process is automotive design. [19] There, it is necessary to quickly test and verify a prototype to get the design approved for production. The reduced post-processing steps induced by the multi-material 3D printing technology result in a shorter fabrication time.
TPU is one thermoplastic elastomer used in fused filament deposition (FFD) 3D printing. The absence of warping and lack of need for primer makes it an ideal filament for 3D printers when objects need to be flexible and elastic. Since TPU is a thermoplastic, it can be melted by the 3D printer's hotend, printed, then cooled into an elastic solid.