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A 12-gauge shotgun cartridge in a transparent plastic hull, allowing the contents to be seen. From left to right: brass, propellant, over-powder wad, shot wad, #8 birdshot, over-shot wad, and crimp. A shotgun cartridge, shotshell, or shell is a type of rimmed, cylindrical (straight-walled) ammunition used specifically in shotguns.
Gauge is commonly used today in reference to shotguns, though historically it was first used in muzzle-loading long guns such as muskets, then later on in breech-loading long guns including single-shot and double rifles, which were made in sizes up to 2 bore during their heyday in the mid to late 19th century, being originally loaded as black ...
The size of the lead shot that is produced is determined by the diameter of the orifice used to drip the lead, ranging from approximately 0.018 inches (0.46 mm) for #9 lead shot to about 0.025 inches (0.64 mm) for #6 or #7.0 shot, while also depending on the specific lead alloy that is used.
While shotguns had been used in earlier conflicts, the trench warfare of World War I demonstrated a need for standardized weapons and ammunition. [2] Initial issue with each shotgun was one hundred commercial-production paper-cased shotgun shells containing nine 00 buckshot pellets 0.33 inches (8.4 mm) in diameter.
The 20-gauge shotgun, also known as 20 bore, is a type of smoothbore shotgun. 20-gauge shotguns have a bore diameter of .615 in (15.6 mm), while the 12-gauge has a bore diameter of .729 in (18.5 mm). [ 2 ] 12-gauge and 20-gauge shotguns are the most popular gauges in the United States .
Most shotgun cartridges are measured in terms of shotgun gauge. Shotgun gauge is determined by the weight of a round lead ball that is sized to fit into its barrel. For example, the barrel of a 12-gauge shotgun is equal to the diameter of a 1/12 of a pound lead ball (0.729 in) and a 20-gauge can fit a 1/20 pound lead ball (0.615 in).
Image Cartridge Country Year Akdal MKA 1919: Akdal Arms (Ucyildiz Arms A.Ş.) 12 gauge Turkey: 2006 Armsel Striker: Hilton R. Walker: 12 gauge South Africa: 1981 Atchisson Assault Shotgun: Military Police Systems: 12 gauge United States: 1972 Baikal MP-153: Izhevsk Mechanical Plant: 12 gauge Russia: 2001 Bandayevsky RB-12: Aleksandr Bandayevsky ...