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The Spoornet Class 18E, Series 1 of 2000 is a South African electric locomotive. Beginning in 2000, Spoornet embarked on a program to rebuild Class 6E1 locomotives to Class 18E, Series 1 locomotives. Most of the Class 6E1s which had previously been reclassified or modified to Class 16E or Class 17E respectively were rebuilt to Class 18E as well ...
The BCIS "Standard Form of Cost Analysis" (SFCA) remained an industry staple, largely unchanged, until the late 2000s. In 2012 the "New Rules of Measurement" for cost management throughout the construction process were accompanied by a modernised version of the SFCA. [1] In 2022, the BCIS was spun out of RICS. [2]
In South Africa, the grading system used in secondary schools until 2008 (when the education minister implemented Outcomes Based Education or OBE curriculum) was as follows: Format: Code [x] ([Symbol]): [y]% - [z]%
South Africa needs to invest more to rebuild confidence in its ability to supply power, its energy minister said on Tuesday, after its state-run power firm was forced to implement some of the ...
Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE or reinforced soil) is soil constructed with artificial reinforcing. It can be used for retaining walls , bridge abutments, seawalls , and dikes . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Although the basic principles of MSE have been used throughout history, MSE was developed in its current form in the 1960s.
The MSE either assesses the quality of a predictor (i.e., a function mapping arbitrary inputs to a sample of values of some random variable), or of an estimator (i.e., a mathematical function mapping a sample of data to an estimate of a parameter of the population from which the data is sampled).
The original locomotive from which the Class 26 was rebuilt entered service in 1953 as the last of the Class 25NC 4-8-4 Northern type locomotives to be built. The Class 25 condensing and Class 25NC non-condensing locomotives were designed by the South African Railways (SAR) under the direction of L.C. Grubb, Chief Mechanical Engineer of the SAR from 1949 to 1954, and in conjunction with ...
South African 2022 Budget (Debt-Service Costs) As of 2020, at current rates of expenditure and revenue generation it is expected that by 2028/29 the country's debt to GDP ratio will exceed 100%. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] The COVID-19 pandemic saw a notable increase in South Africa's national debt as government borrowing increased to fund economic stimulus ...