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It guides the individual’s expectations about relationships throughout life, subsequently influencing social behavior, perception of others and development of self-esteem. [ 10 ] Essentially, four different internal working models can be defined which are based on positive or negative images of self and others. [ 7 ]
If the societal rules and expectations of differing relationships don't make sense to you, you may want to try relationship anarchy. Experts explain what it is:
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Conversely, costs are the negative or unpleasant aspects of the partner or their relationship. The comparison level includes what each partner expects of the relationship. The comparison level is influenced by past relationships, and general relationship expectations they are taught by family and friends.
The self-discrepancy theory states that individuals compare their "actual" self to internalized standards or the "ideal/ought self". Inconsistencies between "actual", "ideal" (idealized version of yourself created from life experiences) and "ought" (who persons feel they should be or should become) are associated with emotional discomforts (e.g., fear, threat, restlessness).
Interdependence theory also takes into account comparison level. This involves the expectation of the kinds of outcomes a person expects to receive in a relationship. [4] These expectations are 'compared' to a person's past relationships and current observations of others' relationships.
These relationships typically consist of close friends or even romantic or platonic partners. Stable exchange: continued open and personal types of interaction. [37] De-penetration: when the relationship's costs exceed its benefits there may be a withdrawal of information, ultimately leading to the end of the relationship.
Romantic relationships, for example, serve as a secure base that help people face the surprises, opportunities, and challenges life presents. Similarities such as these led Hazan and Shaver to extend attachment theory to adult relationships. Relationships between adults also differ in some ways from relationships between children and caregivers ...