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The soil-transmitted helminths (also called geohelminths) are a group of intestinal parasites belonging to the phylum Nematoda that are transmitted primarily through contaminated soil. They are so called because they have a direct life cycle which requires no intermediate hosts or vectors , and the parasitic infection occurs through faecal ...
Soil-transmitted helminths are essentially intestinal parasites and their eggs which are liberated along with the faeces of infected persons into the soil. Ascaris and hookworm eggs become infective as they develop into larvae in soil. Infection occurs when vegetables and fruits, contaminated with soil-infested eggs, are consumed; or when hands ...
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Helminth eggs can reach the soil when polluted wastewater, sewage sludge or human waste are used as fertilizer. Such soil is often characterized by moist and warm conditions. Therefore, the risk of using contaminated wastewater and sludge in agricultural fields is a real problem, especially in poor countries, where this practice is prevalent.
In 2014–15, the WHO estimated that approximately 2 billion people were infected with soil-transmitted helminthiases, [6] 249 million with schistosomiasis, [60] 56 million people with food-borne trematodiasis, [61] 120 million with lymphatic filariasis, [62] 37 million people with onchocerciasis, [63] and 1 million people with echinococcosis. [64]
Soil steaming is an efficient method to kill nematodes before planting a crop, but indiscriminately eliminates both harmful and beneficial soil fauna. The golden nematode Globodera rostochiensis is a particularly harmful pest that has resulted in quarantines and crop failures worldwide.