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Chlorhexidine [1] is a disinfectant and antiseptic with the molecular formula C 22 H 30 Cl 2 N 10, which is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to disinfect surgical instruments. [2] It is also used for cleaning wounds , preventing dental plaque , treating yeast infections of the mouth , and to keep urinary catheters from blocking. [ 3 ]
Germolene's active ingredients include phenol 1.2% (providing antiseptic, locally analgesic and antipruritic effects) and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.25%. The Germoloids line of Germolene products, intended for use on haemorrhoids, also includes zinc oxide, and the analgesic lidocaine hydrochloride. [6]
Chlorhexidine digluconate is a chemical antiseptic and is used in a 0.05–0.2% solution as a mouthwash. [ 54 ] [ 11 ] [ 45 ] [ 55 ] There is no evidence to support that higher concentrations are more effective in controlling dental plaque and gingivitis. [ 56 ]
Structure of chlorhexidine, a bisbiguanide antiseptic.. Bisbiguanides are a class of chemically related compounds known for their bactericidal properties. Generally considered to be of the generic formula: R 1 R 2 N.C(:NR 6)NH.C(:NH)NH.CH 2 X--(CH 2) 3 NH.C(:NH)NH.C(:NR 7)NR 3 R 4 V. [1] These compounds include the antiseptics chlorhexidine and alexidine.
Parodontax toothpaste was developed in 1937 by German dentist Dr. Focke. [2] The product was originally based on sodium bicarbonate.Consequently, it was obtained by German pharmaceutical company Madaus which specialised in herbal medicine and which added components that were specifically anti-inflammatory and antibacterial, including extracts of several medicinal plants.
Octenidine dihydrochloride is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. [5]In vitro suspension tests with 5 minute exposure time have shown that octenidine requires lower effective concentrations than chlorhexidine to kill common bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and the yeast Candida albicans.
Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which different chemical substances, including the active drug, are combined to produce a final medicinal product. The word formulation is often used in a way that includes dosage form .
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound used as antiseptic/disinfectant.It causes the disruption of intermolecular interactions and the dissociation of lipid bilayers.