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Atelectasis is the partial collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absence in gas exchange. It is usually unilateral, affecting part or all of one lung. [2] It is a condition where the alveoli are deflated down to little or no volume, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation, in which they are filled with liquid.
The pathophysiology of type 3 respiratory failure often includes lung atelectasis, which is a term used to describe a collapsing of the functional units of the lung that allow for gas exchange. Because atelectasis occurs so commonly in the perioperative period, this form is also called perioperative respiratory failure.
PB can present as a life threatening emergency when the casts obstruct the major airways resulting in acute respiratory distress. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Intervention by a skilled physician experienced with foreign body removal from the lungs is essential.
This can cause a steadily worsening oxygen shortage and low blood pressure. This leads to a type of shock called obstructive shock, which can be fatal unless reversed. [3] Very rarely, both lungs may be affected by a pneumothorax. [6] It is often called a "collapsed lung", although that term may also refer to atelectasis. [1]
Pulmonary contusion can cause parts of the lung to consolidate, alveoli to collapse, and atelectasis (partial or total lung collapse) to occur. [35] Consolidation occurs when the parts of the lung that are normally filled with air fill with material from the pathological condition, such as blood. [ 36 ]
The complications of bronchiectasis include serious health conditions, such as respiratory failure and atelectasis: collapse or closure of a lung. Respiratory failure occurs when not enough oxygen passes from the lungs into the blood. [22] Atelectasis occur when one or more segments of the lungs collapse or do not inflate properly.
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This repeated alveolar collapse and expansion (RACE) is thought to cause VALI. By opening the lung and keeping the lung open RACE (and VALI) is reduced. [7] Another possible ventilator-associated lung injury is known as biotrauma. Biotrauma involves the lung suffering injury from any mediators of the inflammatory response or from bacteremia.