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An external floating roof tank is a storage tank commonly used to store large quantities of petroleum products such as crude oil or condensate. It consists of an open- topped cylindrical steel shell equipped with a roof that floats on the surface of the stored liquid. The roof rises and falls with the liquid level in the tank. [1]
An oil tanker's inert gas system is one of the most important parts of its design. [18] Fuel oil itself is very difficult to ignite, however its hydrocarbon vapors are explosive when mixed with air in certain concentrations. [19] The purpose of the system is to create an atmosphere inside tanks in which the hydrocarbon oil vapors cannot burn. [18]
Loading an oil tanker consists primarily of pumping cargo into the ship's tanks. [101] As oil enters the tank, the vapors inside the tank must be somehow expelled. [101] Depending on local regulations, the vapors can be expelled into the atmosphere or discharged back to the pumping station by way of a vapor recovery line. [101]
A floating storage and offloading unit (FSO) is essentially an FPSO without the capability for oil or gas processing. [1] Most FSOs are converted single hull supertankers . An example is Knock Nevis , ex Seawise Giant , which for many years was the world's largest ship.
COT – crude oil tanks. PIT – product and intermediate storage tanks. DISPATCH – dispatch area tanks. UTILITIES – tanks in a power plant area, for storage of water, etc. ISBL – inside-battery-limit tankages. These are usually small tanks found in the production units of a refinery, such as neutralization tanks, water tanks, etc.
Their main mass is represented by the storage tank (ca. 100m diameter and 56m high, consisting of 19 cylindrical compartments with 20m diameter). Three of the cells are extended into shafts tapering off at the surface and carrying a steel deck. The tanks serve as storage of crude oil in the operation phase.